One type of product liability case that is governed by a certain federal law, unlike most types of products liability cases, is those cases involving childhood vaccines. The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act established a federal program that permits consumers who have suffered injury or harm as a result of receiving certain required childhood vaccinations to recover some compensation for their losses, without depending on varying state laws and typical products liability standards and procedures. Likewise, the program is designed to place limits on the potential liability or exposure for injuries to consumers as they continue to develop new and improved vaccinations for children in the United States. The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act also requires that all healthcare providers report adverse reactions to childhood vaccines to a national database, or the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). The legislation also created a National Vaccine Program Office, which is responsible for coordinating all activities related to vaccinations between the relevant federal governmental agencies.